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Application And Preparation of Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride(DADMAC)
Preparation method
Direct quaternization method
Direct quaternization method is one of the more commonly used methods for preparing diallyldimethylammonium chloride. This method uses allyl chloride and N,N-dimethylamine as the main raw materials, and a quaternization reaction occurs in an appropriate solvent (such as ethanol, water, etc.) under certain temperature and pressure conditions. During the reaction, the chlorine atom in allyl chloride combines with the nitrogen atom in N,N-dimethylamine to form a quaternary ammonium salt structure, thereby generating diallyldimethylammonium chloride. In order to improve the conversion rate and product purity of the reaction, an appropriate amount of acid binding agent (such as sodium hydroxide) is usually added to neutralize the hydrogen chloride generated by the reaction and promote the reaction in the positive direction. This method is relatively simple to operate, but the raw material allyl chloride has certain toxicity and irritation, and safety protection measures need to be taken during the production process.
Two-step synthesis method
The two-step synthesis method first allows allyl chloride to react with excess N,N-dimethylamine at a lower temperature to generate the intermediate product N,N-dimethylallylamine. Subsequently, the intermediate product N,N-dimethylallylamine is further reacted with allyl chloride under appropriate conditions to finally obtain diallyldimethylammonium chloride. This method is carried out in stages, which is conducive to better control of the reaction process and reduce the occurrence of side reactions, thereby obtaining a product of higher purity, but the reaction steps are relatively more, the production cycle is longer, and the cost is relatively high.
Application fields
Water treatment industry
In the field of water treatment, diallyldimethylammonium chloride is an important monomer for the preparation of cationic polymer flocculants. It is copolymerized with other monomers (such as acrylamide) to form a polymer with a large number of positively charged groups. When treating sewage, these positively charged groups can neutralize the negative charge on the surface of colloidal particles in water, destabilize the colloidal particles, and at the same time, through adsorption bridging, fine particles are aggregated together to form larger flocs, thereby achieving effective removal of suspended matter and organic matter in sewage, achieving the purpose of purifying water quality, and is widely used in municipal sewage treatment, industrial wastewater treatment and other scenarios.
Papermaking industry
In the papermaking process, diallyldimethylammonium chloride plays multiple roles. As a wet strength agent, it can react chemically with the cellulose in the paper to form a chemical cross-linking structure, significantly improving the strength of the paper in a wet state, making the paper less likely to break when exposed to water; as a retention and drainage agent, it can be adsorbed on the surface of paper fibers and fillers, and through charge neutralization and bridging, it can improve the retention rate of fine fibers and fillers in the paper and reduce their loss, while accelerating the dehydration speed in the papermaking process, improving the production efficiency and quality of paper.
Oil extraction
In the field of oil extraction, polymers synthesized with diallyldimethylammonium chloride can be used as oilfield chemicals. For example, in drilling fluids, these polymers can adjust the rheology of drilling fluids, giving them good suspension and sand-carrying capacity, ensuring the smooth progress of the drilling process; in the tertiary oil recovery process, by using them in combination with other chemicals, they can reduce the oil-water interfacial tension and improve the recovery rate of crude oil.
Other fields
In addition, diallyldimethylammonium chloride can be used as an antistatic agent and dyeing auxiliary in the textile printing and dyeing industry. As an antistatic agent, it can give the fabric surface a certain conductivity and reduce the generation of static electricity; as a dyeing auxiliary, it helps to increase the adsorption of dyes on the fabric and dyeing uniformity, thereby improving the dyeing effect. In the biomedical field, it can also be used to prepare some biocompatible materials, such as carrier materials for protein immobilization, etc., and has potential application value in biosensors and drug sustained release.
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