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4 Types of Macromolecules Monomers and Polymers
Between heaven and earth, all things are animate, and they are all composed of macroscopic and microscopic principles. Macro, you can see its shape; micro, you can see its quality. Today, we discuss four types of macromolecules and their monomers and polymers, which are the key elements in the composition of all things.
One is protein. The monomer of protein is amino acid. Husband amino acids have a unique structure, containing amino groups and carboxyl groups, which are polymerized into peptide chains in various arrangements and combinations. Peptide chains spiral and fold, and eventually form proteins with various shapes and functions. It is either an enzyme that catalyzes biochemical reactions, or a carrier for transporting substances, or a cornerstone of the structure of the body.
The second is nucleic acid. The monomer of nucleic acid is nucleotide. Nucleotides are composed of nitrogenous bases, five-carbon sugars, and phosphoric acids. Two types of nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), the former is composed of deoxyribonucleotide polymerization, which is the carrier of genetic information and has the delicate structure of the double helix; the latter is composed of ribonucleotide polymerization, which plays an important role in the transmission and expression of genetic information.
The second is carbohydrates. The monomers of carbohydrates are monosaccharides, such as glucose, fructose, etc. Monosaccharides are connected to each other to form oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. Polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, are energy storage substances in organisms; while cellulose, although also a polysaccharide, forms the cell wall of plants,
Finally, lipids. There are many kinds of lipids, common fats, and their monomers are glycerol and fatty acids. Glycerol combines with fatty acids to form fat molecules, which are important energy storage and thermal insulation substances in organisms. Phospholipids are an important part of cell membranes, maintaining the structure and function of cells.
These four types of macromolecules, based on monomers, aggregate into polymers, and perform their respective duties on the stage of life. They cooperate with each other to build a complex and vibrant life world.
One is protein. The monomer of protein is amino acid. Husband amino acids have a unique structure, containing amino groups and carboxyl groups, which are polymerized into peptide chains in various arrangements and combinations. Peptide chains spiral and fold, and eventually form proteins with various shapes and functions. It is either an enzyme that catalyzes biochemical reactions, or a carrier for transporting substances, or a cornerstone of the structure of the body.
The second is nucleic acid. The monomer of nucleic acid is nucleotide. Nucleotides are composed of nitrogenous bases, five-carbon sugars, and phosphoric acids. Two types of nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), the former is composed of deoxyribonucleotide polymerization, which is the carrier of genetic information and has the delicate structure of the double helix; the latter is composed of ribonucleotide polymerization, which plays an important role in the transmission and expression of genetic information.
The second is carbohydrates. The monomers of carbohydrates are monosaccharides, such as glucose, fructose, etc. Monosaccharides are connected to each other to form oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. Polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, are energy storage substances in organisms; while cellulose, although also a polysaccharide, forms the cell wall of plants,
Finally, lipids. There are many kinds of lipids, common fats, and their monomers are glycerol and fatty acids. Glycerol combines with fatty acids to form fat molecules, which are important energy storage and thermal insulation substances in organisms. Phospholipids are an important part of cell membranes, maintaining the structure and function of cells.
These four types of macromolecules, based on monomers, aggregate into polymers, and perform their respective duties on the stage of life. They cooperate with each other to build a complex and vibrant life world.
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