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Aluminum Chloride Hexahydrate vs Aluminum Chlorohydrate
On the similarities and differences between aluminum chloride hexahydrate and basic aluminum chloride
Aluminum chloride hexahydrate and basic aluminum chloride are both chemical substances and have their uses in industry and various fields. However, their properties, their structures, and their uses all have similarities and differences. Try to discuss in detail.
First, the difference in structure
Aluminum chloride hexahydrate, its chemical formula is $AlCl_3 · 6H_2O $. Looking at its structure, aluminum ions are the center, and there are six water molecules around it, and chloride ions are free. This structure makes the water molecules and aluminum ions connected by coordination bonds to maintain the stability of the whole.
Basic aluminum chloride, its structure is more complex, generally expressed as $[Al_2 (OH) _nCl_ {6 - n}] _ {m} $. Among them, aluminum ions are bridged by hydroxyl groups to form a polynuclear complex structure. In this structure, hydroxyl groups and chloride ions are co-located around aluminum ions. Due to the variable value of $n $, its structure is diverse.
Second, the special properties
(1) Physical properties
Aluminum chloride hexahydrate, often colorless or white crystalline, deliquescent. Because it contains crystal water, it is easy to absorb water vapor in the air and deliquescent. The melting point is relatively low, and the crystal water is lost first when heated, and then the aluminum chloride sublimates.
Basic aluminum chloride, mostly yellow or brown powder or granular. Deliquescence also exists, but its water absorption is slightly weaker than that of aluminum chloride hexahydrate. Its melting point is higher, and its lattice energy is larger due to the structure of the polynuclear complex, and the structure is more stable.
(2) Chemical properties
Aluminum chloride hexahydrate, which is easy to hydrolyze in contact with water. In aqueous solution, the hydrolysis of aluminum ions makes the solution acidic, and the reaction formula is $Al ^ {3 + } + \ rightleftharpoons Al (OH) _3 + 3H ^ + $. Because of its hydrolysis, it can be used as a catalyst for some hydrolysis reactions.
Basic aluminum chloride, the hydrolysis properties are also significant. Because it contains hydroxyl groups, the degree of hydrolysis is slightly slower than that of aluminum chloride hexahydrate. Hydroxyl groups are released during hydrolysis, which can neutralize acidic substances in water, and can form aluminum hydroxide colloids, which have good flocculation performance. This is an important characteristic of it in water treatment.
III. Different uses
Aluminum chloride hexahydrate is widely used in the field of organic synthesis. Often used as a catalyst, such as in the Fu-G reaction, it helps aromatics react with halogenated hydrocarbons or acyl halides to form carbon-carbon bonds. It is also used in the preparation of other aluminum compounds. Due to its easy disassembly of structure, it can provide an aluminum source.
Basic aluminum chloride is mainly used in the water treatment industry. Its good flocculation, can make the suspended particles in water coagulate and settle, and the effect of removing turbidity, color and harmful substances in water is remarkable. In the paper industry, it can be used as a sizing precipitant to help paper sizing and improve paper quality.
In summary, although both aluminum chloride hexahydrate and basic aluminum chloride contain aluminum and chlorine elements, their structures, properties and uses are different. It is crucial to understand the differences in the rational selection and play their effects.
Aluminum chloride hexahydrate and basic aluminum chloride are both chemical substances and have their uses in industry and various fields. However, their properties, their structures, and their uses all have similarities and differences. Try to discuss in detail.
First, the difference in structure
Aluminum chloride hexahydrate, its chemical formula is $AlCl_3 · 6H_2O $. Looking at its structure, aluminum ions are the center, and there are six water molecules around it, and chloride ions are free. This structure makes the water molecules and aluminum ions connected by coordination bonds to maintain the stability of the whole.
Basic aluminum chloride, its structure is more complex, generally expressed as $[Al_2 (OH) _nCl_ {6 - n}] _ {m} $. Among them, aluminum ions are bridged by hydroxyl groups to form a polynuclear complex structure. In this structure, hydroxyl groups and chloride ions are co-located around aluminum ions. Due to the variable value of $n $, its structure is diverse.
Second, the special properties
(1) Physical properties
Aluminum chloride hexahydrate, often colorless or white crystalline, deliquescent. Because it contains crystal water, it is easy to absorb water vapor in the air and deliquescent. The melting point is relatively low, and the crystal water is lost first when heated, and then the aluminum chloride sublimates.
Basic aluminum chloride, mostly yellow or brown powder or granular. Deliquescence also exists, but its water absorption is slightly weaker than that of aluminum chloride hexahydrate. Its melting point is higher, and its lattice energy is larger due to the structure of the polynuclear complex, and the structure is more stable.
(2) Chemical properties
Aluminum chloride hexahydrate, which is easy to hydrolyze in contact with water. In aqueous solution, the hydrolysis of aluminum ions makes the solution acidic, and the reaction formula is $Al ^ {3 + } + \ rightleftharpoons Al (OH) _3 + 3H ^ + $. Because of its hydrolysis, it can be used as a catalyst for some hydrolysis reactions.
Basic aluminum chloride, the hydrolysis properties are also significant. Because it contains hydroxyl groups, the degree of hydrolysis is slightly slower than that of aluminum chloride hexahydrate. Hydroxyl groups are released during hydrolysis, which can neutralize acidic substances in water, and can form aluminum hydroxide colloids, which have good flocculation performance. This is an important characteristic of it in water treatment.
III. Different uses
Aluminum chloride hexahydrate is widely used in the field of organic synthesis. Often used as a catalyst, such as in the Fu-G reaction, it helps aromatics react with halogenated hydrocarbons or acyl halides to form carbon-carbon bonds. It is also used in the preparation of other aluminum compounds. Due to its easy disassembly of structure, it can provide an aluminum source.
Basic aluminum chloride is mainly used in the water treatment industry. Its good flocculation, can make the suspended particles in water coagulate and settle, and the effect of removing turbidity, color and harmful substances in water is remarkable. In the paper industry, it can be used as a sizing precipitant to help paper sizing and improve paper quality.
In summary, although both aluminum chloride hexahydrate and basic aluminum chloride contain aluminum and chlorine elements, their structures, properties and uses are different. It is crucial to understand the differences in the rational selection and play their effects.
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