Langyou Chemical
SUPPLEMENTS
Four Classes Biological Macromolecule Polymers And Subunits
There are four types of macromolecular polymers and subunits of living things. One is nucleic acid, which is the carrier of the genetic information of life. The polymer of nucleic acid includes deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Its subunit is a nucleotide, which is composed of a molecule containing nitrogen bases, a molecule of five-carbon sugars and a molecule of phosphoric acid. The five-carbon sugars of DNA are deoxyribose, and the bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T); the five-carbon sugars of RNA are ribose, and the bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U).
The second is protein, which has a wide range of functions in organisms, such as enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions, antibodies for immune defense, etc. The polymer of protein is a polypeptide chain, which is folded to form a specific spatial structure. Its subunits are amino acids, about twenty kinds, all of which contain amino groups, carboxyl groups and unique R groups. Amino acids are connected to peptides by peptide bonds to form polypeptides.
The third is polysaccharides, which are energy storage substances and structural components of organisms. Common polysaccharides such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose. Starch is a plant energy storage polysaccharide, glycogen is an animal energy storage polysaccharide, and cellulose is the main component of plant cell walls. The subunits of polysaccharides are mostly glucose
The fourth is lipids, which have the functions of energy storage and forming biofilms. Lipids contain fats, phospholipids and sterols. Fats are composed of glycerol and fatty acids, which are good energy storage substances; phospholipids are important components of biofilms; sterols include cholesterol, sex hormones and vitamin D.
These four types of biomacromolecular polymers and their subunits play their respective roles in life activities and cooperate with each other to maintain the normal operation of organisms.
The second is protein, which has a wide range of functions in organisms, such as enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions, antibodies for immune defense, etc. The polymer of protein is a polypeptide chain, which is folded to form a specific spatial structure. Its subunits are amino acids, about twenty kinds, all of which contain amino groups, carboxyl groups and unique R groups. Amino acids are connected to peptides by peptide bonds to form polypeptides.
The third is polysaccharides, which are energy storage substances and structural components of organisms. Common polysaccharides such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose. Starch is a plant energy storage polysaccharide, glycogen is an animal energy storage polysaccharide, and cellulose is the main component of plant cell walls. The subunits of polysaccharides are mostly glucose
The fourth is lipids, which have the functions of energy storage and forming biofilms. Lipids contain fats, phospholipids and sterols. Fats are composed of glycerol and fatty acids, which are good energy storage substances; phospholipids are important components of biofilms; sterols include cholesterol, sex hormones and vitamin D.
These four types of biomacromolecular polymers and their subunits play their respective roles in life activities and cooperate with each other to maintain the normal operation of organisms.
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