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Four Macromolecules and Their Polymers
On the four major polymers and their polymers
Between heaven and earth, there are various types of things. Among them, the four major polymers play a crucial role in the composition and biochemistry of all things. The four major molecules perform their respective duties and are related to each other, creating a complex state in the world.
The first is protein. Proteins, with amino acids as the basic unit, all amino acids are connected in a specific order by peptide bonds and aggregate into chains, called polypeptide chains. Polypeptide chains are folded and folded to form a unique spatial structure, thus forming proteins. Their functions are diverse and indispensable for many processes such as metabolism, immunity, and transportation of organisms. Such as enzymes, a type of protein, with the ability to catalyze biochemical reactions, so that various complex reactions in the body can be carried out efficiently and orderly, just like skilled craftsmen, carefully carving the process of life.
The second is nucleic acid. Nucleic acids use nucleotides as their monomers. Nucleotides are composed of nitrogenous bases, five-carbon sugars and phosphoric acids. Many nucleotides are connected to each other through phosphate diester bonds to form long chains of nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are divided into ribonucleic acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA). DNA contains the genetic code of organisms, such as the blueprint of architecture, which determines the traits and characteristics of organisms and transmits this genetic information from generation to generation. RNA plays an important role in the expression of genetic information, assisting DNA to complete the synthesis of proteins, like a messenger, running on the way of genetic information transmission.
Another is sugar. Sugars are composed of monosaccharides as the basic unit. Monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose can be connected to each other to form oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. Polysaccharides, such as starch, glycogen and cellulose. Starch is the form of energy storage in plants. The energy produced by plants through photosynthesis is mostly stored in starch for emergencies, like the "granary" of plants. The principle of sugar is the energy storage substance in animals. When animals are short of energy, they release energy in time to maintain life activities. Cellulose exists in the cell wall of plants, giving them strength and support. If it is the "skeleton" of plants, it allows plants to stand tall in the world.
Finally, lipids. There are many kinds of lipids, among which fats composed of glycerol and fatty acids are important energy storage substances. Fats have extremely high energy storage efficiency. Under the same quality, they can store more energy than sugars. In biological evolution, they provide an important guarantee for organisms to survive the lack of food, just like the "energy reserve" of organisms. In addition, lipids also include phospholipids, which are important components of biofilms. Biofilms, such as barriers and traffic arteries for cells, ensure the stability of the intracellular environment and regulate the entry and exit of substances. Phospholipids play a major role in this process.
The four major polymers and their polymers have a profound impact on the life, reproduction, and even the changes of all things in the world. Their interaction and coordination build a complex and delicate system of life, and also lay a solid foundation for the diversity of all things in nature.
Between heaven and earth, there are various types of things. Among them, the four major polymers play a crucial role in the composition and biochemistry of all things. The four major molecules perform their respective duties and are related to each other, creating a complex state in the world.
The first is protein. Proteins, with amino acids as the basic unit, all amino acids are connected in a specific order by peptide bonds and aggregate into chains, called polypeptide chains. Polypeptide chains are folded and folded to form a unique spatial structure, thus forming proteins. Their functions are diverse and indispensable for many processes such as metabolism, immunity, and transportation of organisms. Such as enzymes, a type of protein, with the ability to catalyze biochemical reactions, so that various complex reactions in the body can be carried out efficiently and orderly, just like skilled craftsmen, carefully carving the process of life.
The second is nucleic acid. Nucleic acids use nucleotides as their monomers. Nucleotides are composed of nitrogenous bases, five-carbon sugars and phosphoric acids. Many nucleotides are connected to each other through phosphate diester bonds to form long chains of nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are divided into ribonucleic acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA). DNA contains the genetic code of organisms, such as the blueprint of architecture, which determines the traits and characteristics of organisms and transmits this genetic information from generation to generation. RNA plays an important role in the expression of genetic information, assisting DNA to complete the synthesis of proteins, like a messenger, running on the way of genetic information transmission.
Another is sugar. Sugars are composed of monosaccharides as the basic unit. Monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose can be connected to each other to form oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. Polysaccharides, such as starch, glycogen and cellulose. Starch is the form of energy storage in plants. The energy produced by plants through photosynthesis is mostly stored in starch for emergencies, like the "granary" of plants. The principle of sugar is the energy storage substance in animals. When animals are short of energy, they release energy in time to maintain life activities. Cellulose exists in the cell wall of plants, giving them strength and support. If it is the "skeleton" of plants, it allows plants to stand tall in the world.
Finally, lipids. There are many kinds of lipids, among which fats composed of glycerol and fatty acids are important energy storage substances. Fats have extremely high energy storage efficiency. Under the same quality, they can store more energy than sugars. In biological evolution, they provide an important guarantee for organisms to survive the lack of food, just like the "energy reserve" of organisms. In addition, lipids also include phospholipids, which are important components of biofilms. Biofilms, such as barriers and traffic arteries for cells, ensure the stability of the intracellular environment and regulate the entry and exit of substances. Phospholipids play a major role in this process.
The four major polymers and their polymers have a profound impact on the life, reproduction, and even the changes of all things in the world. Their interaction and coordination build a complex and delicate system of life, and also lay a solid foundation for the diversity of all things in nature.
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