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How Macromolecules Create Polymers
On how macromolecules form polymers
Everything in the world has its own structure. The polymerization of macromolecules is the wonder of forming polymers. To understand, we must study the root cause.
Macromolecules have special structures and properties. Their atoms are connected by covalent bonds to form a complex structure. And polymers are polymerized by many repeating units. Macromolecules form polymers due to the change of bonding.
First, the role of covalent bonds. The formation of covalent bonds between macromolecules is the key to polymer formation. For example, the polymerization of olefins, ethylene molecules have unsaturated double bonds. Under specific conditions, the double bonds open and connect to each other, and small molecules are polymerized into long-chain polymers. In this process, the covalent bonds are rearranged, the atoms are arranged in an orderly manner, and gradually converge into giant molecules.
Second, the influence of reaction conditions. Temperature, pressure, and catalyst are all factors that affect the formation of macromolecules into polymers. Appropriate temperature can increase molecular activity and accelerate the reaction. The adjustment of pressure can affect the molecular spacing and help the formation of bonds. The catalyst can reduce the activation energy of the reaction and lead to the polymerization of macromolecules in a specific way. For example, Ziegler-Natta catalyst is used for olefin polymerization, which can precisely control the structure and properties of polymers.
Third, the characteristics of monomers. Macromolecular polymerization originates from monomers. Monomer structures are different, and the polymerization products are also different. Monomers with different functional groups can form polymers with different properties after polymerization. If the monomer containing hydroxyl and carboxyl groups is polymerized, polyester can be obtained; the monomer containing amino and carboxyl groups is polymerized to produce polyamide.
Macromolecules form polymers, which are based on covalent bonding. With the help of reaction conditions, according to the characteristics of monomers, various polymers are formed, laying the foundation for materials, biology and other fields. The wonders of chemistry create new things.
Everything in the world has its own structure. The polymerization of macromolecules is the wonder of forming polymers. To understand, we must study the root cause.
Macromolecules have special structures and properties. Their atoms are connected by covalent bonds to form a complex structure. And polymers are polymerized by many repeating units. Macromolecules form polymers due to the change of bonding.
First, the role of covalent bonds. The formation of covalent bonds between macromolecules is the key to polymer formation. For example, the polymerization of olefins, ethylene molecules have unsaturated double bonds. Under specific conditions, the double bonds open and connect to each other, and small molecules are polymerized into long-chain polymers. In this process, the covalent bonds are rearranged, the atoms are arranged in an orderly manner, and gradually converge into giant molecules.
Second, the influence of reaction conditions. Temperature, pressure, and catalyst are all factors that affect the formation of macromolecules into polymers. Appropriate temperature can increase molecular activity and accelerate the reaction. The adjustment of pressure can affect the molecular spacing and help the formation of bonds. The catalyst can reduce the activation energy of the reaction and lead to the polymerization of macromolecules in a specific way. For example, Ziegler-Natta catalyst is used for olefin polymerization, which can precisely control the structure and properties of polymers.
Third, the characteristics of monomers. Macromolecular polymerization originates from monomers. Monomer structures are different, and the polymerization products are also different. Monomers with different functional groups can form polymers with different properties after polymerization. If the monomer containing hydroxyl and carboxyl groups is polymerized, polyester can be obtained; the monomer containing amino and carboxyl groups is polymerized to produce polyamide.
Macromolecules form polymers, which are based on covalent bonding. With the help of reaction conditions, according to the characteristics of monomers, various polymers are formed, laying the foundation for materials, biology and other fields. The wonders of chemistry create new things.
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