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How Macromolecules Polymers Assembled from Monomers
On the method of polymerization of macromolecular polymers by monomers
The structure of all things. At the microscopic level, the formation of macromolecular polymers originates from the polymerization of monomers. To understand, we should study the method of polymerization.
Monomers are the cornerstones of architecture and are the basic units that constitute macromolecular polymers. The polymerization process often involves chemical reactions, which are connected by covalent bonds to form complex structures.
First, condensation polymerization is a common method. In this reaction, small molecules, such as water and alcohol, are removed from the monomers, and then connected to each other. For example, diamines and diacids meet, and amino and carboxyl groups interact to remove water and connect, gradually forming polyamides. In this process, small molecules escape at each step, just like an artisan building a wall, removing the residual material, leaving only a solid structure.
Second, the addition polymerization reaction cannot be ignored. Ethylene monomers have unsaturated double bonds. Under the action of the initiator, the double bonds are opened, the monomers are added to each other, and they are connected end to end to form macromolecules. Taking ethylene as an example, under suitable conditions, when the initiator is activated, the double bonds of the ethylene monomers are cracked, and they are polymerized in sequence, and finally polyethylene is obtained. This is like a chain of interlocking rings, stretching out.
Furthermore, ring-opening polymerization is also an important path. For some monomers with ring-like structures, under specific conditions, the rings are opened, and the monomers are connected in sequence to form polymers. Such as epoxy compounds, with the help of catalysts, ring-open and polymerize to form polyether substances. This situation is like unlocking the ring-shaped buckle and stretching it into a long chain.
In short, macromolecular polymers are polymerized by monomers, and the methods of condensation, addition polymerization, and ring-opening polymerization have their own uses. Choose according to the properties and conditions of monomers. With these methods of polymerization, we can know the wonders of material structure in the microscopic world.
The structure of all things. At the microscopic level, the formation of macromolecular polymers originates from the polymerization of monomers. To understand, we should study the method of polymerization.
Monomers are the cornerstones of architecture and are the basic units that constitute macromolecular polymers. The polymerization process often involves chemical reactions, which are connected by covalent bonds to form complex structures.
First, condensation polymerization is a common method. In this reaction, small molecules, such as water and alcohol, are removed from the monomers, and then connected to each other. For example, diamines and diacids meet, and amino and carboxyl groups interact to remove water and connect, gradually forming polyamides. In this process, small molecules escape at each step, just like an artisan building a wall, removing the residual material, leaving only a solid structure.
Second, the addition polymerization reaction cannot be ignored. Ethylene monomers have unsaturated double bonds. Under the action of the initiator, the double bonds are opened, the monomers are added to each other, and they are connected end to end to form macromolecules. Taking ethylene as an example, under suitable conditions, when the initiator is activated, the double bonds of the ethylene monomers are cracked, and they are polymerized in sequence, and finally polyethylene is obtained. This is like a chain of interlocking rings, stretching out.
Furthermore, ring-opening polymerization is also an important path. For some monomers with ring-like structures, under specific conditions, the rings are opened, and the monomers are connected in sequence to form polymers. Such as epoxy compounds, with the help of catalysts, ring-open and polymerize to form polyether substances. This situation is like unlocking the ring-shaped buckle and stretching it into a long chain.
In short, macromolecular polymers are polymerized by monomers, and the methods of condensation, addition polymerization, and ring-opening polymerization have their own uses. Choose according to the properties and conditions of monomers. With these methods of polymerization, we can know the wonders of material structure in the microscopic world.
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