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Polymer Macromolecule of Monosaccharide
On the polymerization macromolecules of monosaccharides
Carbohydrates, monosaccharides as the base. Monosaccharides, aldoxides or ketones with polyhydroxy groups, have simple and active structures.
The polymerization macromolecules of monosaccharides are formed by connecting monosaccharide units through glycosidic bonds. This polymerization process is like building a complex structure like masonry.
Taking glucose as an example, multiple glucose units can be polymerized into starch or cellulose. Starch, a polysaccharide that stores energy in plants, can be gradually hydrolyzed into glucose when digested by the human body to supply energy for life maintenance needs. In its polymeric structure, the glycosidic bond is connected by the α-1,4-glycosidic bond of the straight chain and the α-1,6-glycosidic bond of the branched chain. The synergy between the two makes starch have unique physical and chemical properties.
Cellulose is also polymerized from glucose, but its glycosidic bond is β-1,4-glycoside bond. This structural difference makes cellulose have very different properties from starch. Cellulose is the main component of plant cell walls, giving plant cells rigidity and strength. Although the human body cannot directly digest cellulose, its degradation process is of great significance to the material cycle in the ecosystem. The polymerization of monosaccharides into macromolecules not only changes its physical form, but also endows it with diverse biological functions. From energy storage to structural support, the polymerized macromolecules of monosaccharides play a key role in life activities, which is the subtlety of nature.
Carbohydrates, monosaccharides as the base. Monosaccharides, aldoxides or ketones with polyhydroxy groups, have simple and active structures.
The polymerization macromolecules of monosaccharides are formed by connecting monosaccharide units through glycosidic bonds. This polymerization process is like building a complex structure like masonry.
Taking glucose as an example, multiple glucose units can be polymerized into starch or cellulose. Starch, a polysaccharide that stores energy in plants, can be gradually hydrolyzed into glucose when digested by the human body to supply energy for life maintenance needs. In its polymeric structure, the glycosidic bond is connected by the α-1,4-glycosidic bond of the straight chain and the α-1,6-glycosidic bond of the branched chain. The synergy between the two makes starch have unique physical and chemical properties.
Cellulose is also polymerized from glucose, but its glycosidic bond is β-1,4-glycoside bond. This structural difference makes cellulose have very different properties from starch. Cellulose is the main component of plant cell walls, giving plant cells rigidity and strength. Although the human body cannot directly digest cellulose, its degradation process is of great significance to the material cycle in the ecosystem. The polymerization of monosaccharides into macromolecules not only changes its physical form, but also endows it with diverse biological functions. From energy storage to structural support, the polymerized macromolecules of monosaccharides play a key role in life activities, which is the subtlety of nature.
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