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Polymers of Each Macromolecule in Chemical Engineering
On the polymers in the chemical industry, the principle of macromolecular polymers is the key. Macromolecules are formed by the polymerization of small molecules, and their polymers have their own characteristics, which are widely used in various fields of chemical industry.
The first protein, the polymer is a polypeptide chain. Amino acids are basic units, connected by peptide bonds, dehydrated and condensed to form a long chain. This polypeptide chain folds and twists into a specific spatial structure, so it has various biological functions. In chemical and pharmaceutical industries, proteins with therapeutic effects, such as insulin, are often synthesized with specific amino acid sequences, which can cure diabetes.
The second time talking about nucleic acids, it is the carrier of genetic information. Its polymer is a polynucleotide chain, which is polymerized by nucleotides. Nucleotides contain phosphoric acid, pentacarose and nitrogenous bases. DNA is polymerized by deoxynucleotides in a double helix structure and stores genetic code; RNA is polymerized by ribonucleotides, mostly single-stranded, which is crucial for gene expression and protein synthesis. In the field of chemical bioengineering, with the help of nucleic acid technology, biological varieties can be improved and production processes can be optimized.
Sugars are also important macromolecules. Polysaccharides are their polymers, such as starch, glycogen and cellulose. Starch is polymerized by glucose, which is used by plants for energy storage; glycogen is an animal energy storage polysaccharide; cellulose is connected by beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds from glucose, which is the main component of plant cell walls. In the chemical industry, starch is often used in food processing and fermentation industries; cellulose can be used to make paper and fiber materials.
Although lipids have different structures from the first three, they also have related polymers. Such as phospholipids, which play a key role in the formation of biological membranes. Although it is not a traditional polymerization method, many phospholipid molecules self-assemble to form a film structure. This self-assembly behavior is also a unique manifestation of lipids in chemical and biological systems.
Polymers of major molecules in the chemical industry have different functions and are widely used. In-depth study of their polymerization mechanism, structure and properties can provide solid theoretical and technical support for chemical innovation and development, new material research and development, and bioengineering optimization, and promote the chemical industry to a new height.
The first protein, the polymer is a polypeptide chain. Amino acids are basic units, connected by peptide bonds, dehydrated and condensed to form a long chain. This polypeptide chain folds and twists into a specific spatial structure, so it has various biological functions. In chemical and pharmaceutical industries, proteins with therapeutic effects, such as insulin, are often synthesized with specific amino acid sequences, which can cure diabetes.
The second time talking about nucleic acids, it is the carrier of genetic information. Its polymer is a polynucleotide chain, which is polymerized by nucleotides. Nucleotides contain phosphoric acid, pentacarose and nitrogenous bases. DNA is polymerized by deoxynucleotides in a double helix structure and stores genetic code; RNA is polymerized by ribonucleotides, mostly single-stranded, which is crucial for gene expression and protein synthesis. In the field of chemical bioengineering, with the help of nucleic acid technology, biological varieties can be improved and production processes can be optimized.
Sugars are also important macromolecules. Polysaccharides are their polymers, such as starch, glycogen and cellulose. Starch is polymerized by glucose, which is used by plants for energy storage; glycogen is an animal energy storage polysaccharide; cellulose is connected by beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds from glucose, which is the main component of plant cell walls. In the chemical industry, starch is often used in food processing and fermentation industries; cellulose can be used to make paper and fiber materials.
Although lipids have different structures from the first three, they also have related polymers. Such as phospholipids, which play a key role in the formation of biological membranes. Although it is not a traditional polymerization method, many phospholipid molecules self-assemble to form a film structure. This self-assembly behavior is also a unique manifestation of lipids in chemical and biological systems.
Polymers of major molecules in the chemical industry have different functions and are widely used. In-depth study of their polymerization mechanism, structure and properties can provide solid theoretical and technical support for chemical innovation and development, new material research and development, and bioengineering optimization, and promote the chemical industry to a new height.
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