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SomeMacromoleculesArePolymersWhatIsAPolymer
On the principle of polymers
All things in the world, there are many categories, among which the macromolecules are mostly polymers. Polymers, why do they do it?
Polymers are made of small molecules that are chemically changed and connected by covalent bonds to form a giant chain. These small molecules are called monomers. Monomers come together, such as bricks and stones to build buildings, stacked in an orderly manner, and then form a polymer body.
Watching the natural environment of husband, examples of polymers are everywhere. If the body of living things has the genus of proteins and nucleic acids, they are all polymers. Proteins use amino acids as monomers, hundreds of thousands of amino acids, connected in sequence, forming a chain of polypeptides. The chains are twisted and folded, and finally have a complex structure. They are capable of performing various functions of life, such as catalyzing metabolism, transporting substances, and resisting diseases. Nucleic acids, which use nucleotides as monomers, are connected by phosphate diester bonds between nucleotides, forming double-stranded or single-stranded DNA and RNA. They are responsible for the survival and transmission of genetic information and are the basis for the continuation of life.
Looking at artificially created things, they are also masterpieces of polymers. Plastic, a common polymer. Small molecules such as ethylene and propylene are used as monomers to form tough and durable materials through polymerization. They are widely used in daily and industrial fields, such as utensils and packaging. Fiber materials, such as polyester fibers and polyamide fibers, are also polymers. They are polymerized with corresponding monomers, which are wear-resistant and crisp, and are used to make clothing quilts and fabrics to meet the needs of people's livelihood.
The formation of polymers is related to the power of chemistry. The method of polymerization is divided into addition polymerization and condensation polymerization. In addition polymerization, the double bonds of monomers are opened and added to each other, and no small molecules are formed. If ethylene is polymerized into polyethylene, the double bonds of ethylene molecules are broken and connected end to end to form a chain polymer. In condensation polymerization, the reaction between monomers, in addition to forming a polymer, there are small molecules such as water and alcohol that come out. For example, when making polyester, the diol reacts with the dibasic acid, and the carboxyl group and the hydroxyl group dehydrate and condensate to form a polyester chain.
The properties of polymers are different from monomers. Due to their large molecular weight and strong interchain interaction, they have high strength, toughness and stability. However, different polymers have different properties. This is related to the type of monomer, the method of polymerization and the structure of the molecule. For example, crystalline polymers, the molecular arrangement is regular, with high melting point and strength; for amorphous polymers, the molecules are disordered, more flexible, and have good transparency.
Polymers are of great use in this world. They are used in medicine to produce slow-release drugs and bioscale; for electronics to form insulating materials and semiconductor polymers; for construction, for thermal insulation and waterproof materials. The research and application of polymers continue to expand, adding bricks and mortar to the progress of human life and the rise of science and technology, with unlimited prospects.
All things in the world, there are many categories, among which the macromolecules are mostly polymers. Polymers, why do they do it?
Polymers are made of small molecules that are chemically changed and connected by covalent bonds to form a giant chain. These small molecules are called monomers. Monomers come together, such as bricks and stones to build buildings, stacked in an orderly manner, and then form a polymer body.
Watching the natural environment of husband, examples of polymers are everywhere. If the body of living things has the genus of proteins and nucleic acids, they are all polymers. Proteins use amino acids as monomers, hundreds of thousands of amino acids, connected in sequence, forming a chain of polypeptides. The chains are twisted and folded, and finally have a complex structure. They are capable of performing various functions of life, such as catalyzing metabolism, transporting substances, and resisting diseases. Nucleic acids, which use nucleotides as monomers, are connected by phosphate diester bonds between nucleotides, forming double-stranded or single-stranded DNA and RNA. They are responsible for the survival and transmission of genetic information and are the basis for the continuation of life.
Looking at artificially created things, they are also masterpieces of polymers. Plastic, a common polymer. Small molecules such as ethylene and propylene are used as monomers to form tough and durable materials through polymerization. They are widely used in daily and industrial fields, such as utensils and packaging. Fiber materials, such as polyester fibers and polyamide fibers, are also polymers. They are polymerized with corresponding monomers, which are wear-resistant and crisp, and are used to make clothing quilts and fabrics to meet the needs of people's livelihood.
The formation of polymers is related to the power of chemistry. The method of polymerization is divided into addition polymerization and condensation polymerization. In addition polymerization, the double bonds of monomers are opened and added to each other, and no small molecules are formed. If ethylene is polymerized into polyethylene, the double bonds of ethylene molecules are broken and connected end to end to form a chain polymer. In condensation polymerization, the reaction between monomers, in addition to forming a polymer, there are small molecules such as water and alcohol that come out. For example, when making polyester, the diol reacts with the dibasic acid, and the carboxyl group and the hydroxyl group dehydrate and condensate to form a polyester chain.
The properties of polymers are different from monomers. Due to their large molecular weight and strong interchain interaction, they have high strength, toughness and stability. However, different polymers have different properties. This is related to the type of monomer, the method of polymerization and the structure of the molecule. For example, crystalline polymers, the molecular arrangement is regular, with high melting point and strength; for amorphous polymers, the molecules are disordered, more flexible, and have good transparency.
Polymers are of great use in this world. They are used in medicine to produce slow-release drugs and bioscale; for electronics to form insulating materials and semiconductor polymers; for construction, for thermal insulation and waterproof materials. The research and application of polymers continue to expand, adding bricks and mortar to the progress of human life and the rise of science and technology, with unlimited prospects.
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